The+World+Around+Us+2015-2016

=The World Around Us=

USS Cole Attack
by: Victoria Work Cited: [|__https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Cole_bombing__] The USS Cole bombing was a terrorist attack against the United States Navy guided-missile destroyer USS Cole (DDG-67). This attack took place on October 12th of 2000. 17 Americans were killed and 39 were injured. It was planned by Al-Qadea in the Arabian Peninsula.

The morning of October 12th, 2000, the ship was under control of Commander Kirk Lippold, docked in Aden harbor for a routine fuel stop. Refueling started at 10:30, and at 11:18 a small craft approached the port side of the destroyer. An explosion happened shortly after the hit.

The hit and explosion caused a 40-by-60 foot hole in the port side of the ship. Around 400-700 pounds of explosives were used. Planning the 9/11 attack was planned after the USS Cole bombing attack happened. media type="youtube" key="0GeIPeQcD2k" height="360" width="480"

Y2K Problem
// by: Austin and Autumn // The Y2K Problem was an issue about the computer’s system. There was a problem of switching the date from December 31, 1999 to January 1, 2000. The computers weren’t able to recognize “00” as the year 2000. Many people feared that, when it has hit midnight, the computers would be affected because of the date the computer.

The reason why the Y2K Problem occurred was that there was a problem in the computer’s system coding. Since there was a problem in the coding, the computer wasn’t able to recognize the actual date. The Y2K Problem occurred on January 1, 2000 at 12:00 A.M. The Y2K Problem wasn’t as big as a problem as they expected, but it did still cause some problems for people. The year 2000 was counted as a leap year for America. Some of the programmers that did the coding to the computers misunderstood the Gregorian rule. If the year is divisible by 400, that would make the year a leap year. If the year isn’t divisible by 400, that would not make it a leap year.

Works Cited: [|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Year_2000_problem__] [|http://www.cs.swarthmore.edu/~eroberts/cs91/projects/y2k/Y2K_Errors.html__] [|http://www.britannica.com/technology/Y2K-bug__] [|http://computer.howstuffworks.com/y2k.htm__] media type="youtube" key="ddzbxJasID4" width="560" height="315"

The Presidential Election of 2000
// by: Emma and Aliya // The presidential election of 2000 was between George W. Bush Jr. and Albert Arnold “Al” Gore Jr. It was known for being one of the four elections to have the winner of the popular vote not winning the electoral votes. The other three times this happened was in 1824, 1876, 1888. There was a dispute for five weeks in Florida, due to the votes being “too close to call.” The votes were recounted. George won Florida by a mere 537 votes, out of six million other votes. George W. Bush ended up getting elected president after a long disagreement.

George W. Bush was born on July 6th, 1946. Before he ran for president he was a businessman, and a politician. His father George H. W. Bush Sr. was also president, from 1989 to 1993. George W. Bush was born in Connecticut. He joined the Texas Air National Guard in 1968. In 1974, he was honorably discharged. In 1998, he became Texas's governor. Soon, in 1999 he began his run for president.

Al Gore was born on March 31, 1948, in Washington DC. He was previously the vice president from 1993 to 2001. His father, Albert Gore Sr. was a US. Senate. His mother, Pauline LaFon Gore, was one of the first women to graduate from Vanderbilt Law School. Al Gore enlisted in the US Army in 1969. He was the military journalist for military base newspaper, The Army Flier. He was shipped to Vietnam for the last of his enlisted seven months, in 1971. When he was back in America, he moved to politics, and ran for president in 1999.

Works Cited: [|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush__] [|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Gore__] [|http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&psid=3377__] [|http://www.biography.com/people/george-w-bush-9232768#first-term-as-president__] __ [] __ media type="youtube" key="OOaaUackKFQ" height="360" width="480"

Twin Tower Attacks
// by: Kate and Mya // On September 11th, 2001 the Twin towers in New York were attacked as an act of terrorism. The attacks were carried out by 19 men who were said to be working for the Islamic terrorist group called Al-Qaeda. The men, which were divided into four different groups with at least one person who knew how to fly, boarded the planes with an assortment of blades, razors, and box cutters. They eventually hijacked the planes, killing the pilots, and flew them towards the towers. At 8:46 A.M. Flight 11 was flown into the 93-99th floors of the North Tower and then at 9:03 flight 175 was flown into the South Tower. After burning for about an hour, the South Tower fell at 9:59 A.M. and the North Tower fell at 10:28 A.M, with about 2,996 casualties. Years later from the attacks the world discovered that the mastermind behind these terrible attacks was originally planned by Osama Bin Laden. The event changed many things around the United States, mainly our view on security.

Works Cited: [|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motives_for_the_September_11_attacks__] [|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijackers_in_the_September_11_attacks__] [|www.history.com/topics/9-11-attacks__] __ [] __ media type="youtube" key="rsIWPPw-JzU" height="360" width="640"

9/11-Pentagon Hijackings
// by: Eric // The 9/11 hijackings were a tragedy. Four planes, originally destined for California, were taken control of by al-Qaeda hijackers. They did this because when the they attacked the WTC previously it didn’t do as much damage as they wanted. So they came back attacked even harder and hijacked our planes to crash into our buildings. All of the planes were crashed into many important buildings within the United States. One of the planes was purposely crashed into the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia. In less than 35 minutes into the flight the hijackers assumed control of the plane and forced everyone to the back of the plane. All 64 of the passengers including the hijackers, Hani Hanjour, Nawaf al-Hazmi, Khalid al-Mihdhar, Salem al-Hazmi, and Ahmed al-Ghamdi were killed, along with 125 people inside the building.

Works Cited: [|http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&psid=3379__] [|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_77#Security_camera_video__] media type="youtube" key="BXgtsavot5A" height="480" width="640"

Flight 93
by: Nathalie Flight 93 was an American Flight Airline, It was destined to go to [|San Francisco], [|California], from Newark, [|New Jersey] on September 11 2001. Instead of getting where it needed, it ended up getting Hijacked.There was a total of 4 hijackers, 9 crew members, and about 33 passengers on board that day. Saeed Alghamdi, Amad Ibrahim A. Al Haznawl, Ahmid Alami, and Ziad Samir Jarrah were all hijackers on this plane; they all carried knives and box cutters.

People were panicking and there was a recording of Ziad Jarrah that he told the Passengers to all stay seated; and where the bomb was located on the plane. Passengers on the back of the plane made phone calls to their love ones saying goodbye, and finding out that the world Trade Center, and The Washington Pentagon have gotten hit by hijacked planes.

One story was told that the Hijackers were afraid that the passengers were going to break in the cockpit, so they moved the plane back in forth, throwing the passengers around. Eventually the hijackers decided to crash the plane. Another story was that The passengers took control and ended up crashing the plane. Both stories ended up crashing near Diamond T. Mine in [|Stonycreek Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania], also all Passengers took 40 minutes before they decided to take action. Unfortunately there were no survivors on the plane, but they did save over hundreds of people. media type="youtube" key="GUrUQN0m79o" height="360" width="480"

//by: Alexa A and Ella B // The 2003 invasion of Iraq lasted from March 19th to May 1st 2003.The United states, United Kingdom, Australia, and Poland are the countries that invaded Iraq. The mission was to end Saddam Hussein’s support to terrorism, and disarm Iraq of weapons that would cause mass destruction. This is because, after the 1991 Gulf War iraq was supposed to get rid of all its Toxic weapons.
 * United States Invades Iraq **

The UNSCOM  inspected Iraq to make sure there was no weapons were left. The inspectors were kicked out of Iraq in 1998, which caused “Operation Desert Fox”. Also known as a three day bombing series. The U.S. mission was to stop Saddam Hussein's encouragement for having weapons after the Gulf War. By April 2003 the coaliation took over Baghdad. On July 1, 2004 saddam Hussein appeared in court for not obeying congress. By December 2011, the war was over.

Works Cited: [|http://www.cnn.com/2013/10/30/world/meast/operation-iraqi-freedom-and-operation-new-dawn-fast-facts/__] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq media type="youtube" key="f7iorfwcmeY" width="420" height="315"

Social Networking
// by: Aurora and Alejandro // In 1997 Six Degrees, the first modern social network on the internet. It allowed for users of the site to have profiles and become friends with others on the site. The site is not functioning anymore, and was purchased in 2000 and shut down in 2001. Livejournal started in 1999, functioning similar to Six Degrees. However, Livejournal was centered around the user's profiles and blogs that the users updated frequently. MMORPGs (Massive multiplayer online role-playing games) like World of Warcraft became popular in the early 2000s.

Friendster was the first truly modern social media site. Founded in 2002, friendster is still active at the moment. Most of Friendster’s traffic however, comes from Asia. LinkedIn was founded in 2003, allowing people looking for jobs to post their resume and search for desirable jobs, as well as allowing companies search for the people they desired. LinkedIn is a still functioning website. MySpace was founded in 2003 like LinkedIn. It had grown to be massively popular by 2006, then tapered off again. MySpace allows for music, art, and audio to be posted to your page.

Facebook was created by a Harvard student named Mark Zuckerberg for Harvard only, though it quickly extended from schools to the general public by 2006. By 2008, Facebook became the most popular social media site, surpassing MySpace. It is still growing in popularity. Youtube had been launched in 2005, allowing mass media sharing up to 10 minutes at the time. Youtube has become massively popular with users across the globe. Twitter, founded in 2006 gained popularity in 2007. Twitter is a real-time updating service, and has developed a near cult-like way of functioning around the celebrities who are active on Twitter.

Work Cited: __ [] __ media type="youtube" key="5WiDIhIkPoM" height="360" width="640"

// by: Holly // MySpace is a social network by several eUniverse employees in 2003. MySpace features a user based network where friends and families can go to post blogs, personal profiles, and groups; with the ability to listen and see photos, music, and videos.
 * The Rise and Fall of MySpace **

The rise of MySpace started in 2009 when a corporation called NewsCorp bought MySpace for $480 million. MySpace then reached a total of 27 million members when many popular pop artists including Hillary Duff created profiles on MySpace, which started bringing attention to people on the internet. The popularity rose even more when MySpace offered the people free downloads to music. In 2006, Google signed a deal with MySpace for a $900 million deal to get select privileges for ad sales on the site.

The fall of MySpace happened in June of 2008 when the social networking site Facebook took a rise in the social networking world with its new features for improving social networks while MySpace only really focused on music and entertainment. Facebook would bring in developers for new applications while MySpace was an in-building work place and only brought in glitches for their website. In 2009, COO, Amit Kapur and two vice presidents left MySpace along with CEO, Chris Dewolfe, stepping down a month later; having MySpace lose millions of dollars. In 2010, MySpace decided to focus more on being an entertainment network instead of having to compete with Facebook for users with social blogs. In 2011, more than 50% of MySpaces workforce, artists, and users left for the Facebook industry. Later in 2013, a new MySpace was created, but instead now is officially a entertainment business.

Works Cited: [] media type="youtube" key="-yWpnto-hqQ" height="360" width="480"

Cyberbullying
by Haley Cyberbullying happens when someone is threatened, embarrassed, sending rumors, made fun of in posts, pictures, or videos. Sometimes they send what is called “junk mail” with sexual content and try to steal names and passwords of other people to try and make fake accounts on various websites with fake identities. People feel like they have more power when they are just in front of a screen because they can remain anonymous. But why would you do that? Once you post something or text something, or even snapchat a picture that you should'nt have, it never goes away someone will screenshot it, print it or save it to their phone or computur. There is no going back ever, once its out. Which means people will also remember and continue to talk about what was posted and when you try to get a job they wont want to take you because they could of seen the picture and thatpicture will never leav you.

Many people suffer from depression, self harm, and suicide because something was posted or said online infront of everyone about them. But who would do that? Who would want to hurt someone so bad? There isn’t any 100% accurate answer for this. Many people have said that people may do this from anger they have, revenge or frustration towards someone else, maybe for attention, amusement, or reaction from others witnessing this happen. No one likes being bullied and especially not over the internet where everyone can see it, most kids that are bullied over the internet don’t tell an adult or someone that can put a stop to it and that's one of the biggest mistakes. Cyberbullying has become a very serious problem throughout the past 10 years and becomes an even bigger problem each day.

Works Cited: [|__http://www.english-online.at/society/cyberbullying/cyberbullying-on-the-rise.htm__] [|__http://www.stopcyberbullying.org/why_do_kids_cyberbully_each_other.html__] media type="youtube" key="be6gjjWdUw4" height="360" width="640"

** Youtube’s History and Significance ** // by: Imogen // Youtube was created by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen and Jawed Karim are the creators of youtube. Chen and Karim, who studied computer science made the website happen and Hurley who studied Design helped with the symbol and set up the other stuff. Youtube was first started on Feb. 14, 2005. The first video on Youtube was called ‘Me at the zoo’ by Jawed Karim. In 2006 it was bought by google. Youtube grew Faster than My Space, by April 2005 it was uploading 65,000 new videos and 100 million videos were being watched a day. In October 2006 google bought youtube for $1.65 billion in stock. Youtube is used as a way to communicate all the way around the world. Youtube is almost used in everyday life because people rely on it to find out information. media type="youtube" key="P4dT-lW9260" width="560" height="315"

2004 Indonesian Tsunami
by: Maryrose The Indian Ocean experienced a powerful earthquake in December of 2004. The surrounding areas and terrain suffered as a result, in addition to the sea floor.

A 9.3 earthquake, which was named the Sumatra-Andaman Island Earthquake, began the morning of December 26 th, 2004. Its epicenter was located at the bottom of the Indian Ocean, about 160 miles off the coast of Sumatra. It was the largest earthquake that the planet had faced in the last forty years, as well as the second strongest ever recorded by man. The force of the natural disaster and its aftermath earned it the rank in the top ten in our species’ history.

Within hours, a series of massive waves struck over 11 countries, hitting as far as Thailand and South Africa. Over 230,000 people were estimated to have lost their lives during the tremors and the onslaught of killer waves that followed. Millions were left homeless, and the society is still struggling with the scars left in the economy and land by the disaster.

Works cited: [|https://www.dosomething.org/facts/11-facts-about-2004-indian-ocean-tsunami__] [|http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/tsunami-devastates-indian-ocean-coast__] [|http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/12/1227_041226_tsunami.html__] __ [] __ media type="youtube" key="PHpG1P3JwEU" height="360" width="640"

H1N1 Flu Pandemic
// by: Eli and Libby. // The 2009 flu pandemic or swine flu was a influenza pandemic,and the second of 2 pandemics involving H1N1 influenza virus.The first of the 2 viruses being in 1918.First described in April of 2009 the virus appeared to be a new strain of the H1N1 which resulted when a previous triple reassortment of bird,swine,and human flu viruses combined with a eurasian pig flu virus leading to the term “Swine Flu”.Although this combination virus gladly does not affect people over 60 years of age.

The symptoms of the H1N1 Virus are similar to any other influenza virus.Here are some of the symptoms of the H1N1 Virus:Fever,cough,dry cough,head ache,muscleor joint pain,soar throats,dihrea,and also vometing.Now I will be listing and explaining how you can treat yourself If you have this deisese.A number of methods have been recommemded to ease the symtoms of the H1 N1 virus,but there has not been a solution to completly fix this virus.One solution is a adquete liquid intake.you can also rest,take over the counter medicine.All of these medictions do not cure,but they do ease the virus.So in conclussion 2009 H1 N1 viris also known as the swine flu is an influenza bird flu.This viris cannot be treated,but medications can ease symptoms. It still is around now.

Work Cited: [|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_flu_pandemic__] media type="youtube" key="lFl3FRNpU4E" width="560" height="315"

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Edward Snowden
// by: Alli // Edward Snowden was a former CIA employee who leaked secret documents that he copied from NSA, then after taking a leave of absence from his job in Hawaii and flying to Hong Kong on May 20, 2013 where he presented information to several journalists. On June 5, 2013 the United Kingdom’s Guardian newspaper released the information that Snowden obtained about the NSA’s domestic surveillance practices and how the NSA has been spying on millions of Americans.

After the big revelation that Snowden gave to the world, several after effects including the director of National Intelligence admit that he lied to Congress about having surveillance on millions of Americans. There was a bill passed that would be a means to an end of the constant surveillance on American citizens and a federal judge called the phone surveillance program at NSA is unconstitutional. The release has also had a huge effect on companies that deal with technology because they have started to get serious about privacy of their users.

Works Cited: [|http://www.biography.com/people/edward-snowden-21262897__] [|http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/05/edward-snowden-nsa-effect_n_5447431.html__] [|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Snowden__] [|http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-23123964_] media type="youtube" key="5yB3n9fu-rM" height="360" width="640"

Trends of the 2000s
//by: Chloe and Celeste// There were so many different trends in the 2000s. Let’s start with the most well known trend, which would have to be the Justin Bieber styled hair! Almost every boy from ages 11 to 16 had that hairstyle! Another 2000s trend, was heelys. Heelys were a big thing for about a year, then they died out. Another very popular thing was wearing Crocs, they were very popular until they died out around 2005. Bratz dolls were something that almost every little girl had way back then, before all the big electronics came out. In the 2000s, little girls were still playing with dolls, unlike now they play with phones, and I Pads.

One of the biggest styles for teenagers in the 2000s, was "emo". Almost all teens went through that phase. What it means to be "emo" now, is way more different than what it meant to be "emo" in the 2000s. A different trend that almost all teens in the 2000s took part in was MySpace. MySpace, for those who don't know is an older social media site. Not many people are on that site anymore. The last trend from the 2000s, would be crocks. Almost every kid had them. Crocks are rubber shoes, with small holes on the top. They were very popular, but like the other trends, they died out.

W ork Cited: [|http://www.crazyfads.com/00s.htmn__] media type="youtube" key="_-psnTukKXw" width="560" height="315"

The Music Trends of the 2000’s
// by: Ella and Allen // From Billie Piper to Michael Jackson, the 2000’s decade has had many different music trends. Some major ones including teen pop, country, alternative rock, R&B, hip hop, and techno, but that’s only skimming the wide selection of different genres. The 2000’s decade is known as one of the decades with the least amount of new styles, with an exception of some indie-related styles, such as emo and electronic. The use of auto tune was on the rise, as well as media player programs such as iTunes and Youtube. Besides the change of genres, the instruments used in songs changed, too, for they put less focus on bass lines using bass guitars and bass synthesisers, and swapped out those instruments for booming drums, and even more electrical instruments. You could say that the media has had a huge influence on the way our music changed over the 2000’s decade.

The 2000s had many trends of music. But the top top 3 were Hip hop, Rock, and Post-punk revival. Michael Jackson known as the King of Pop was a huge artist in the 2000s. Artist such as the Blacked Eyed Peas, T.I, 50 Cent, Kanye West, Nelly, Nas, Jay-Z, and a lot more were big Hip hop artist in the 2000s. One person that I forgot to mention was Eminem. Eminem was the biggest Hip hop artist in the 2000s. A Pop artist by the name of Christina Aguilera was one of the best-selling female artist in the 2000s. More types of music that popular in the 2000s were Pop rock, Pop punk, Post-grunge, Nu metal, metalcore, and Heavy metal. Canadian Avril Lavigne was the biggest breakthrough of Pop rock and went world wide with 30 million albums sold in the 2000s. Fall Out Boy became one of the most successful pop punk acts of the 2000s. Nickelback sold over 50 million albums and was one of the biggest pop-grunge bands of the decade. Works Cited: [|https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070221191806AAKKAy2__] [|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000s_in_music__] media type="youtube" key="waClhq-Oo2g" width="560" height="315"

NASA Probe Lands on Mars
by: Alex and Haley Sunday, May 25, 2008: at 4:53:44 p.m. (Pacific time), it was confirmed that the Phoenix Mars Lander had survived its final touchdown 15 minutes earlier at 4:38 p.m. The signals took those 15 minutes to travel from Mars to Earth at the speed of light. NASA's Administrator Michael Griffin said, "For the first time in 32 years, and that only the third time in history, a JPL team has carried out a soft landing on Mars. I couldn't be happier t to be here for this incredible achievement.". Phoenix relied on batteries until its solar arrays spread open. "We've passed the hardest part and we're doing better again, but we still need to see the Phoenix open its solar arrays and begin generating power," said JPL's project manager, Barry Goldstein, the Goldstein. Engineers learned the status o fPhoenix between 7:00 and 7:30 p.m., finding that the solar arrays opened successfully. "What a thrilling landing! But the team is waiting impatiently for the next set of signals that will verify a healthy spacecraft," said Peter Smith, principal investigator for the Phoenix mission. All of the functions on the spacecraft have been successful so far. Yet, the 7-foot-long robotic arm will not be touched or used for another two days. Researchers will use the arm during future weeks to get samples of soil and ice into laboratory instruments on the lander deck. After two months of searching for signs of water, NASA successfully found water ice. The Phoenix even exceeded its lifetime before it was taken by the brutal martian winter. So, the mission was even more successful than NASA thought it would be.  Work Cited: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_landing

http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2008/25may_phoenix2/ http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/astronomy/mars/phoenix/

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The First iPod
//by: Jasyn // The iPod was invented on October 23, 2001. In 2004 the iPod became a wild success for Apple. Tony Fadell could have been named the father of the iPod. Before he came to Apple he was turned down by other companies such as General Magic, and Phillips. Phillips had been working on their own MP3 player. The iPod was made 8 ½ months Apple had released iTunes. So far Apple has made 3 other iPods. The iPod touch, the iPod shuffle, and an Ipod Nano.

Tony Fadell invented the iPod, but Steve Jobs introduced it. He first introduces it 10 years ago. The recent iPod were introduced on July 15, 2015. Apple iTunes have made it to where you can send email, play games, and listen to music over the years. They moved their brand from just stuff that you can play game, listen to music, and list contact, and emails to laptops, computer, Ipads, and cell phones.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #4a4a4b; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.6666666666667px; vertical-align: baseline;">Works Cited: __ [] __ [|http://inventors.about.com/od/istartinventions/a/iPod.htm__] __ [] __ <span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.6667px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">media type="youtube" key="e84SER_IkP4" height="360" width="480"

The iPhone
//by: Emily, Adam// The first Iphone was released in the U.S on June 29,2007. The Iphone was introduced by steve jobs on january 9,2007. But they started creating the first Iphone in 2005 and called it the purple project.

On June 11,2007 Siri was made,Siri is device in your phone that you can talk to and ask questions. On September 7,2007 ITunes was released on the Iphone. Some people call the first Iphone vintage because how old it is. The Apple Inc. created <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #252525; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.6666666666667px; vertical-align: baseline;"> the original iPhone and often referred to as the iPhone 1, iPhone 1G, or iPhone 2G, it is a smartphone that is designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The iPhone was created in Macworld San Francisco on January 9, 2007.

In 2005 Steve jobs had an Idea of using a multi-touch screen to interact with people and work on the internet. On march 6,2008 Apple released Apps. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #252525; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.6666666666667px; vertical-align: baseline;">The iPhone was so important that the iPhone allowed people to call someone by clicking on their names or numbers that they wanted to call. Iphone can sync all the contacts from your pc, Mac or the internet, so you can alway have a list of your contacts up to date with yourself.

Works Cited: __ [] __ __ [] __ media type="youtube" key="wGoM_wVrwng" height="360" width="640"

Texting
//by: Nicki C.// In 1984 a very clever man came up with the idea of texted after keyboard writing. This man was Friedhelm Hillebrand. He was a writer and he thought there should be more than just letters and keyboard writing. There was a big age difference from where the idea was invented and from who created and made texting possible. In 1992 Neil Papworth sent the very first text message ever to his friend Richard. It was on Christmas saying “mry xmas” but of course Richard couldn’t reply because he didn’t know what texting was. In 1993, all mobile phones got SMS messages and a year later in 1994, SMS was a new broadcast. A few years later, the first keyboard put on the Nokia 9000i. Two years after the keyboard was invented, texts messages were able to cross networks. In 2000 text messages were world wide! Text messaging was hot and still is! In 2002 more than 250 billion texts were sent worldwide. In 2008 Obama supports supports text messaging and in 2010, 200,000 texts were sent each minute! media type="youtube" key="uFfq2zblGXw" height="360" width="640"

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #4a4a4b; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.6666666666667px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ryan Braun Suspended
//<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #4a4a4b; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.6666666666667px; vertical-align: baseline;">by: Kyle // <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #4a4a4b; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.6666666666667px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ryan Braun has been suspended for PED use in baseball twice, yet only serving one suspension. His first suspension was on December 11th, 2011, yet after winning an appeal, he did not have to serve his 50 game suspension. His second suspension came on July 22nd, 2013 after months of being investigated for using PEDs.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #4a4a4b; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.6666666666667px; vertical-align: baseline;">The first time Braun was suspended, it was from a urine test he took in October of 2011. The test tested positive for an elevated level of testosterone, which was caused by a PED (performance enhancing drugs) and faced a 50 game suspension. He would later appeal the suspension after taking a second test and it came out with normal levels of testosterone. Braun would end up winning the appeal and not having to serve the 50 game suspension.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #4a4a4b; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.6666666666667px; vertical-align: baseline;">In February of 2013, another PED allegation came up against Braun. His name came up three times in the records from Biogenesis of America, a clinic that has distributed PEDs to other MLB players. After being investigated for about five months, Braun would be suspended for 65 games, plus the entire postseason for being involved with the Biogenesis Clinic. Usually an MLB player will only be suspended for 50 games in their first suspension, but after his actions during and after his appeal of the 2011 drug test.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #4a4a4b; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.6666666666667px; vertical-align: baseline;">Work Cited: [|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Braun__]

Syrian Civil War
By Nora The Syrian Civil War is a current armed strife, occurring in Syria. The war began in spring 2011. The Baathist party ruled Syria for about fifty years until their leader died. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15.3333333333333px; vertical-align: baseline;">Bashar al-Assad-the leader’s son wanted to regain power, but the syrians didn't want him as their leader. The war started out as violent crackdowns, and then later on lead to armed arguments.

The fighting started between the Free Syrian Army and the Islamic Front. Then Hezbollah entered the war to support the Syrian Army. Many other armies and groups joined in. In July 2013 the Syrian government only controlled about 30% of the county’s land and 60% of the population.

There is around <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.6666666666667px; vertical-align: baseline;">140,000 people that have died in the war so far, and 7,000 of them are children. Organizations have accused the Syrian Government for human right violations. Over 7.6 million Syrians have fled the country due to the government bombing their homes. Many people believe this isn’t right and start protest. Tens of thousands of activists and protesters have been thrown in jail as well as tortured and punished. media type="youtube" key="K5H5w3_QTG0" height="360" width="640"

Space Shuttle Columbia Disaster
by: //Reagan// On February 1st, 2003, The Columbia Space Shuttle broke as it was returning to Earth, at 8:59 EST. A large piece of foam from the shuttle’s external tank hit the shuttle’s left wing and it slowly broke apart in the atmosphere. This disaster killed all seven crew members.

The shuttle was traveling 23 times the speed of sound when it blew apart because some of the heat-resistant tiles were missing or had been damaged. Rick Husband, Michael Anderson, David Brown, Kalpana Chawla, Laurel Clark, William McCool, and Ilan Ramon were the seven crew members that died in the disaster. An investigation proved that it would have been possible for the crew to be saved from the shuttle or that the wing could have been fixed by the Columbia crew. After the Columbia disaster the space shuttle program was grounded until July 6th, 2005.

Works cited: [|__http://www.history.com/topics/columbia-disaster__] <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.6666666666667px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_disaster__]

by: Sam The space shuttle Columbia was the second major tragedy in history. This happened on Feb. 1 2003. The shuttle was supposed to land over Texas to Louisiana. This was the twenty eight mission of Columbia, But failed to succeed, because what happened to the shuttle.

The shuttle exploded because a piece of foam insulation got cut off from the shuttle's propellant tank and ruined the shuttle’s left wing,but many people believe that the shuttle's left wing was caused by a catastrophic failure. And even if it was or a small damage on the wing there would not be much done. So something would had happened to the shuttle either way. The shuttle came back into the earth’s atmosphere on Feb 1. A couple minutes later, around eight: fifty- three a.m. the shuttle was two thousand thirty one feet above California coastline going faster then it own speed, you could hear the sound of something failing from the sky and that's where trouble began. And because the heat of the shuttle the resistant tiles that covers the wing was damaged or went missing and all the wind and heat that went inside the wing blew it all apart.

When the shuttle was falling down around eight: fifty eight a.m.and next thing you know it people heard a loud boom at nine o'clock a.m. The shuttle was found in Southeast Texas, around Dallas.And two pilots oh a search helicopter was killed during the fallen shuttle and they were trying to look for debris.

This was the investigation of the shuttle. People were thinking that the wing could have been repaired by the seven members of the shuttle or for the crew could have been rescued. The shuttle would have probably could’ve stayed in orbit until february fifteen, but it was too late.

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Hurricane Katrina
by: Betsaida Hurricane Katrina happened on August 29,2005, early in the morning. It hit the Golf Coast of the United States in the area of New Orleans. The hurricane scale said the wind speeds were up to 100-140 mph, and stretched out 400 miles across. An the storm itself made a lot of damage. It was crazy dramatic, Hurricane Katrina had damaged everything houses, stores, and it flooded streets. Many people charged the federal government for being too slow to meet the needs of different people whose lives were in danger and now who's lives have changed so much because of the storm. The state estimated that Katrina had damaged over $100 billion worth of damage.

For the past few years hurricanes haven’t happened in New Orleans. But in the following years of 1915, 1940, 1947, 1965, 1969, and 2005 were recently hurricane Katrina has hit. An it hit long, fast, and hard. At the time half of New Orleans was underwater but above the average height of sea level. Basically everything was ruined and flooded. To the people it was very devastating and everybody was sorry. They had to rebuild everything. It took so much time and money from the government that we the United States has ever seen.

Work Cited: [|http://www.history.com/topics/hurricane-katrina__] media type="youtube" key="5KA7pclcxBA" height="360" width="640"

The Sandy Hook Shooting at Newtown, Connecticut
by: Max On December 14 2012 at 9:30 <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #252525; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline;">Adam Lanza walked into sandy shore middle school middle school and killed 20 students and 6 staff members.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #252525; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline;"> The two weapons that were used in the shooting were the glock 20sf and the bushmaster XM15. No evidence was found why he attacked or why he choose that certain school. Medical records show that Adam Lanza had sensory-integration disorder with is when a person had mixed reactions. They could be getting a compliment but burst out in rage.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #252525; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline;">Adam Lanza killed his mother before he shoot up the school. People say that he killed his mother because she knew what his son was doing and was going to call the police, but that has not been proven. While

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #252525; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline;">Work Cited [|__https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Hook_Elementary_School_shooting__] media type="youtube" key="6X7cVDxYd6A" height="360" width="640"

The Egyptian Revolution
by: Jackson The Egyptian revolution of 2011 started on january 25th as part of the arab spring. The revolution consisted of marches, riots, occupations of plazas, and much more. The revolution consisted of Islamic,Liberal,anti-capitalist,nationalist,and feminist elements. The revolution happened because of legal and political issues.

During the revolution, Cairo was described as a war zone, with violent fights between citizens and security forces.Around 1000 people were found dead and 6000 injured. There were lootings by gangs, and police brutality. There were also watch groups formed to protect neighborhoods. Finally in april, the revolution was resolved when the president stepped down, and in june of 2012, the former president was found guilty of the murder of many protesters, and was sentenced to life in prison.

Work Cited [|__https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_Revolution_of_2011__] media type="youtube" key="xaZnbkY8UY0" height="360" width="640"

Tsunami of 2011
by: Joselena In March 11th of 2011 an earthquake occurred off the Pacific coast of Tohoku. The earthquake shook northeastern Japan, unleashing a tsunami.

A 9.0 magnitude earthquake took place in Tokyo Japan. The earthquake caused a tsunami with 30 feet waves. These waves damaged several nuclear reactors within the area. Sadly 15,890 peopled died on this tragic day. The material damage from the earthquake and tsunami was about 300 billion dollars. This tsunami was the largest to hit Japan and is the fourth largest earthquake on record since 1900. Works Cited [|__http://www.livescience.com/39110-japan-2011-earthquake-tsunami-facts__] [|__http://www.cnn.com/2013/07/17/world/asia/japan-earthquake---tsunami-fast-facts/__] [|__https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami__] media type="youtube" key="3xKMFzKOIfQ" height="360" width="640"

<span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: 0px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 2073.5px; width: 1px;"> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.6667px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Eric Borowski 09/28/15 9/11-Pentagon Hijackings The 9/11 hijackings were a tragedy. Four planes, originally destined for California, were taken control of by al-Qaeda hijackers. They did this because when the they attacked the WTC previously it didn’t do as much damage as they wanted. So they came back attacked even harder and hijacked our planes to crash into our buildings. All of the planes were crashed into many important buildings within the United States. One of the planes was purposely crashed into the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia. In less than 35 minutes into the flight the hijackers assumed control of the plane and forced everyone to the back of the plane. All 64 of the passengers including the hijackers, Hani Hanjour, Nawaf al-Hazmi, Khalid al-Mihdhar, Salem al-Hazmi, and Ahmed al-Ghamdi were killed, along with 125 people inside the building.

<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.6667px; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Work Cited: [|__http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&psid=3379__] <span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">__ [|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_77#Security_camera_video] __

<span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: 0px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 5519.5px; width: 1px;"> Alexa A. 205 9/26/15 The 2003 invasion of Iraq lasted from March 19th to May 1st 2003.The United states, United Kingdom, Australia, and Poland are the countries that invaded Iraq. The mission was to end Saddam Hussein’s support to terrorism, and disarm Iraq of weapons that would cause mass destruction. This is because, after the 1991 Gulf War iraq was supposed to get rid of all its Toxic weapons. The UNSCOM <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">inspected Iraq to make sure there was no weapons were left. The inspectors were kicked out of Iraq in 1998, which caused “Operation Desert Fox”. Also known as a three day bombing series. The U.S. mission was to stop Saddam Hussein's encouragement for having weapons after the Gulf War. By April 2003 the coaliation took over Baghdad. On July 1, 2004 saddam Hussein appeared in court for not obeying congress. By December 2011, the war was over.

[|__http://www.cnn.com/2013/10/30/world/meast/operation-iraqi-freedom-and-operation-new-dawn-fast-facts/__]

<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.6667px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq